地下埋藏着逆行的时钟

作为本世纪最著名的华语文学家,我经常想,曾经辉煌的文学为什么不景气了呢?难道是因为我成为文学家了吗?这是个很深刻和苦恼的问题。苦苦思索了五十多年之后我终于发现了原因之一:电影。之所以发现这个理由,是因为我重新看了一些8、90年代的国产电影,感觉到了文学延续的力量,但是很快这股力量就消失了。我又陷入了苦恼,为什么会这样呢?难道有新的东西代替了作为文学替代品的电影了吗?一直到我看了这部电影才恍然大悟,电影和文学依然存在,只不过是在我国消失罢了……这部电影就是《地下》。

看这部电影的时候,就像在翻看一本厚厚的小说,《悲惨世界》或者《红与黑》,一个人又一个人,他们嬉笑怒骂表情各异,不知不觉的被时间的长河淹没,看着他们慢慢的沉没到水面下,消失,只有河水依然固我缓缓流过,去淹没一个又一个人。

马高虽然是知识分子,但是他和黑仔的血管流动着同样的狂热。在黑仔被马高埋入地下之前,他俩一起癫狂,挥舞着手枪像是在寻找灭亡一样生活着。他们分手是源于一个演戏的人皆可夫的女人,也许最根本的原因是因为马高是知识分子。黑仔因为这个女人被德国人包围,马高因为这个女人才与黑仔的友谊发生裂痕,黑仔被捕后马高因为运送武器得以发迹,为了女人干脆把黑仔埋了,黑仔发现了马高和女人的“奸情”,马高把自己的腿打瘸了……这个女人具有很强的象征意味,剧中和她最搭配的男人就是马高,这个设计颇具匠心。

《地下》在解读历史,从南斯拉夫的过去现在延展开来。地上有个社会,地下也有一个完整的世界,掌控连接它们的是说谎者。当马高的弟弟寻找猩猩的时候,他打开了整个欧洲地下世界的大门,及至后来他带着德国医生,随便掀开一个盖子,就走入了地下世界,而这次他们遇到的甚至有维和军队。虽然这部电影大部分时间都在叙述南斯拉夫经历的苦难,还是有轻轻捎带了几笔欧洲。

电影中有着导演作品中常见的癫狂,荒诞,猪,鹅,舞蹈,长桌子,婚礼……他把现实表现的荒诞不经,然后再让荒诞的故事变成悲伤的现实。作为一个文学家,我自然会去感觉作者,也就是导演是从什么视角讲述这个故事的。这个故事不是俯瞰的角度,没有评点众生,但是也不是从当事人,马高或者黑仔的视角出发的,我觉得是用马高弟弟的身份来讲述整个故事的。从他的角度看过去,马高和黑仔的举止是变形了的,夸张,有演绎传说,他们在深夜敲锣打鼓的穿过整座城市,在剧院绑走女人拔枪干掉德国人……一切看似荒诞的事情都有着现实的影子,而这荒诞的颜色和光影正式弟弟添加涂抹上去的,他透过万花筒仰慕的目光追随者哥哥和他最好的朋友黑仔,他们像传说中的绿林英雄一样战无不胜。我是因为感到了这个解读的方向,才对这部电影有仰视的感觉和无望的感慨,从此我就成为文学家了。

《地下》对解体前的那些欧洲社会主义国家进行了深刻无情的刻画,德军入侵以及二战结束后马高在地上的事情,在全片比较凝滞的一段,写实,阴冷,愈发凸显现实才是最荒谬的。我觉得也正是因为冷战这一章节,《地下》才在豆瓣得到了多少有点不符实的高分。我们太容易从中获得认同感了,那一切也是我们的历史。

我喜欢这部电影的原因并不是因为意识形态。我狂热的羡慕导演讲故事的能力,就用了几个人物,讲述了一个跨越60年,历经几个朝代的故事,合情合理。我缺乏想象力,他运用荒诞和夸张的能力让我感到绝望,把那些具有象征意义的东西植入荒诞的剧情中,让他们显得合理,并且两者相辅相成,那些符号式样的东西又会活跃剧情的形象,他做到了信手拈来浑然天成。所以他能把充满谎言、压榨、疯狂的历史表现得如此举重若轻,我认为《地下》有足够的资本载入文学史。

但是它依然不过是一部电影,所受到的限制远比一部小说的要多,写小说是一个人就能完成的事情,而电影则远远不是。《地下》有着显而易见的缺陷,轰炸场面、最后的战争场面都做得不够好,简陋寒酸,特别是德军轰炸的时候,动物园里面可以作出一场很漂亮的戏,但是实际上浪费了非常牛逼的创意,最后的战争场面也有同样的问题,我想着可能是因为资金的原因;同样让人感到遗憾的是马高在铁托时代的那些大场面,如果有足够的技术支持,可以做的更好。剧情方面我感到不满的是在结尾处,马高死的那里的那个十字架,我喜欢用十字架来做结尾陈述的想法,但是突出十字架的镜头太多了,过分的暗示让人感到厌烦。

我最喜欢的部分是马高和女演员的几场对手戏,交织着狂欢、麻醉的痛苦,这种痛苦是从他俩的灵魂散发出来的,弥漫整个房间,无法逃脱。我不想在这篇谈及细节,因为那太庞杂了,而且我认为碍于知识面的原因,看不出来多少端倪。纵然如此,有一些细节还是很醒目的,比如莉莉玛莲,比如猩猩,比如井,比如高跟鞋,比如那张裂开的桌子……

我把能找到的库斯图里卡的电影都看了,还是最喜欢这一部。我崇拜他。

我们也有过这样的文学作品,比如大家都知道的《活着》和《红高粱》。我觉得这是两部标志性的作品,它们都具有荒诞和写实的展现能力,虽然相对来说我觉得《活着》拍成的电影比原著逊色很多,但是也说得过去。莫言虽然长成那样,我觉得他才是具有大师能力的作家,他最大的缺点可能是高产。在这个缺乏读者的时代,谈论这些本身就荒谬可笑。顺便说一句,作为一位文学家,我最大的缺点是不产……

我觉得我们也有能力拍出这样的电影,因为有人曾经展示了这样的实力,但是,这一切都在某个时刻突然停止了,凝固了,被粉碎了,消失了。如今我们能看到的是三枪,二十四城记,梅兰芳,狼灾记……这就是我们所生活在其中的,从不曾感觉到的荒诞。

This entry was posted on 星期六, 01月 30th, 2010 at 6:36 上午 and is filed under 电影. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.

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