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小明长大后成了舒淇,小四长大后成了高捷,小猫长大后成了张震岳,滑头长大后大概成了王伟忠……

91年的时候,吴宇森拿出了《纵横四海》,美工冯小刚在做《编辑部故事》的编剧,张艺谋拿出了《大红灯笼高高挂》,曾志伟拍了《五虎将之决裂》,徐克和李 连杰拍了《黄飞鸿》第一集,陈凯歌的《边走边唱》,周星驰拍了《逃学威龙》,何平的《双旗镇刀客》流星般的璀璨,侯孝贤在给《大红灯笼高高挂》当制作,王 童在拍《无言的山丘》,黄健中拍了《过年》,李安的处女作《推手》拿奖拿到手软,姜文在演《北京人在纽约》……杨德昌拍了《牯岭街杀人少年》。

《牯》有八成左右的夜间场景,大多是在室外,没有路灯也没有月亮,人物在半明半暗中,有很强的舞台感,特别是一些室内的戏,也拉远了拍,灯火通明的房子在 漆黑的夜里活脱是个舞台。整部电影对光的变化非常敏感,黑暗与光明对比的象征意义是显然的,被毫不吝惜的反复强调。小四从片场偷走的手电筒作为最重要的道 具贯穿影片始终,手电筒最后回到了片场,之后小四走上了绝路,夜晚可以照明的手电筒不断地出现,具有多重意义。
大量的夜间场景营造了绝望、孤独、难捱、危机的气氛,和故事契合。我觉得这电影相当绝望,从头至尾的几乎所有人物都没有出路,所有事情都没有前景,看不到 未来。影片主要围绕几个学生展开,对当时台湾的大环境只是寥寥数语的交代,不做点功课就不会明了这电影为什么绝望。这是部给台湾人自己看的电影。
夜景也解决了演员的表演能力不足问题,一班没受过专业训练小孩子的表演能力很难撑得起这么平淡的情节,昏暗的夜景弥补了一些。片中也较少见到特写,大多都是中远景,这其中大概就有非专业演员造成的。
小四的大姐是片中唯一的亮色调,性格几近完美,为人处事得当得体,最重要的是有值得憧憬的未来,出国读书。她是唯一的例外。

小四的家庭是非常温暖的,这在同类型的青春片中是极为罕见的。他的父母为了家庭不惜四处陪笑脸,放弃尊严,可谓什么都可以去做了。虽然生计艰难,但是他们 没有放弃,而是努力的寻找出路维持这个家庭,他们给予了孩子最好的家庭教育。教养这个东西只能是父母赐予的,小四的兄弟姐妹们是幸运的,他们的父母就算是 偶尔拌嘴都会注意避开他们,当孩子在外面遇到社会不公造成的问题时,他们理智的站在了孩子这一边,而不是一味的责骂埋怨。小四的哥哥姐姐都很有照顾弟妹的 样子,大姐照顾家里的小孩子还要分担母亲的家务,二哥从没回绝小四的求助,一块手表的两次丢失显现了兄弟姐妹的温暖和支持,这是小四面对外面世界的信心来 源。
这块手表也是一个重要的道具,几次出场都完成了不同的使命,另外一个类似的道具是那台收音机,也是反复出现而意义不同。杨德昌老师真会过日子,几间破东西用来用去……

《牯》展示了长篇叙事能力。小说、电影,短篇的和长篇的完全两码事的,长篇需要更强的能力才行。我感觉整个故事就好像前面有一个舞台,几台固定机位的摄像 机,演员们就在这个舞台上进进出出跑上跑下,围绕着小四、小明展开一段段故事。非常羡慕这种把握能力,特别是这样节奏舒缓的,像是小楷,一个字一个字工整 的写来,写完后起身离席,一篇精美的文章留在那里,耐读。大陆和香港的导演都缺乏这种能力,张艺谋拍的《活着》就挺糟蹋材料的,由此比较三地文化,台湾相 对来说是有文化传承的。

说到这部电影里的故事,有着鲜明的时代特征,是那个时代才会有这样动荡的成长环境;同时也有着青春期共有的特质。少年们开始有了自己的社会环境,小团体, 出现了只能独自解决的问题,朋友情义和女朋友的取舍,学校和家长的压力,如何平衡学业成绩。这部电影塑造了一个无法超越的屏幕人物——小明。虽然是以小四 为主线拍的,但是小明才是主角,塑造得非常饱满生动,在我的经历中遇见过这样的女人,她们的故事都有着很深的层次,她们比同龄人特别是同龄男人要成熟早得 多,轻易就看透了身边的男人,但是却不具备逃脱的力量,只能屈从隐忍。小明摆平身边这些男人的力量是什么?性。台湾电影对性的表现都是很含蓄甚至羞涩 的……除了后来的李安。

结尾的时候,小马出现在警察局还算说得过去,但是让小马哭着说他是我最好的朋友,这个桥段真不怎么样,画蛇添足。一则显得突兀,二则这个无需强调,要表现 小马对小四的依赖大可以在前面的情节中着墨,结尾处让小马只哭就好了。这一处我很不喜欢。杨德昌也有导演们的通病:对电影投资方的干涉极为不满。他用片场 的戏表达出来了,学校隔壁片场里的那个可怜的导演,多少有些自我调侃的味道。甚至把那个装嫩的女演员安排了同性恋的故事——她靠的是老板娘。这个枝节说起 来也没什么大不了的,但是可能简化了更好些。

汪狗这个人物本来挺简单,类型化的配角,但是,后来小四父亲决定做生意的那个晚上,汪狗到小四家来,他的这一来就显出这部电影的出众之处了。汪狗的再次出 现远远的呼应了小四父亲的被调查,让小四父亲的故事一下子勾勒圆满,而且汪狗这个人物也因此得到质的提升。特别想说是,扮演汪狗的徐明是个很出彩的配角, 《海上花》开始那个长镜头中他的亮相太精彩了!《牯》中他的表演一样出彩。

小猫从自家天棚上翻出了一把日本女人自杀用的短刀和一张日本女人的照片,刀被小四拿去砍山东,之后就留在小四那里。小四把那张日本女人的照片贴在船头,一 闪而过的镜头里看个大概,照片上的女人和小明有点像吧,最后小明丧生于这把宿命的刀下。杨德昌老师很有闲情的把这个灵异故事说的很完满。四个小时实在太长 了,装进去多少东西都看不出来多。

拍这样一部庞杂繁芜的电影,真疯狂。这是部慢慢看的电影,看了好几次了。以上是这次看了之后觉得特别的地方,以后再看,一定还会发现其他的。

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This entry was posted on 星期五, 12月 25th, 2009 at 2:20 下午 and is filed under 电影. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.

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