转帖:贾樟柯与侯孝贤的对谈

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–贾樟柯与侯孝贤的对谈

时间:2006年11月底
地点:台北诚品书店

《三峡好人》呈现了当初拍《小武》的能量

候:《三峡好人》跟纪录片《东》是不一样的?

贾:不一样。本来是先拍《东》,拍了十来天,又想拍故事片。

候:是因为接触到那地方,才开始有动力?

贾:对。因为拍纪录片的过程里,每天晚上睡觉都有好多剧情的想像。那地方、那空间、人的样子,都跟我们北方不一样,生存的压力也不一样。在北京或者山西,人的家里再穷也有一些家电,有一些箱子、柜子、家具,三峡是家徒四壁,基本上什么都没有。

候:我想像中也是这样,先接触,之后开始有想法。我在《小武》里看到你对演员、对题材的处理有个直觉,那是你累积出来的,但《小武》受到重视后,你想一股脑把想过的东西全呈现出来,就把人放到一边,专注到空间,形式上去,反而太用力、太着急了。不过到《三峡好人》又是活生生的人,是现实情境下的直接反应,这反应呈现了当初拍《小武》的能量。你变了,回到从前了。

贾:《小武》到《三峡好人》之间拍了三部片,我是有种负担感。《小武》里面,我特别关心人的生理性带来的感动,之后,基本上考虑人在历史、在人际关系里的位置,人的魅力少了一些。到三峡之后,阳光暴晒着我们,这对天气的直接反应都能帮我把丢失的东西找回来。特别是去了折迁的废墟,看到那里的人用手一块砖、一块砖拆,把那城市给拆得消失掉。镜头里的人感染了我,我在大都市里耗掉的野性、血性,回去一碰,又点着了。好像在创作上点了一个穴,原来死的穴道又奔腾起来。

候:所以创作光自已想像不够,还需要现实。我的情况跟你不一样。《海上花》之后,我等于是等人出题我来应。应题的意思就是,你不知道你现在想拍什么,也无所谓拍什么,但你有技艺在身、累积了非常多的东西,所以人家给个题目,你就剪载这个题目。从创作上来讲,这阶段也满有趣的。

生命印记,讲出来就有力量

贾:在我学习电影的过程里,《风柜来的人》给我很大的启发。九五年我在电影学院看完那部片之后整个人傻掉,因为我觉得亲切,不知道为什么象拍我老家的朋友一样,但它是讲台湾青年的故事。后来我明白一个东西,就是个人生命的印记、经验,把它讲述出来就有力量。我们这个文化里,特别我这一代,一出生就已经是文革,当时国内的艺术基本上就是传奇加通俗,这是革命文艺的基本要素。通俗是为了传递给最底层的人,传奇是为了没有日常生活、没有个人,只留一个大的寓言。像《白毛女》这种故事,讲一个女的在山洞里过了三十年,头发白了,最后共产党把她救出来……..中间一点日常生活、世俗生活都没有,跟个人的生命感受没有关系。但是看完《风柜来的人》之后,我觉得亲切、熟悉。后来看你的《悲情城市》,虽然“二.二八”那个事件我一点不明白,看的时候还是能吸进去,就像看书法一样。您的电影方法、叙事语言,我是有学习、传承的。

候:创作基本上跟你最早接触的东西有关,你的创作就从那里来。像我受文学影响很大,因为开始有自觉的时候,看的是陈映真的书。《将军族》、《铃铛花》、《山路》,讲的是白色恐怖时候,受国民党压制的人的状态,所以我对历史才产生一种角度、一种态度。但这时期对我来讲,过了。过了之后,我有兴趣的还是人本身。拍完《海上花》之后,我想回到现代,记录现代看人的角度,《千嬉曼波》、《咖啡时光》,到最近拍法国片《红气球》都是这样。

调节类型传统与抒情言志

候:近来我开始了解到,拍片除了兴趣之外,还有现实。现实就是世界电影的走向,这走向以戏剧性为主。但中国人讲究的不是说故事的from,是抒情言志的from,是意境,所以我们追求的美学跟现实中一般人能接受的东西不同。

贾:在中国也有这个问题,。从文明戏过来,中国人看电影的习惯就是看戏,电影是戏。一般普通大众看电影,戏剧性的要求特别高,戏剧的质量他不管,只要是戏剧他就喜欢,情节破绽百出他无所谓,只要是戏剧他就欢心。其他气质的电影很难跟这个传统对抗。

候:西方的电影传承自戏剧、舞台,这个传统太强大。就影像历史来说,默片时代还能突破戏剧传统,因它不需要对白,用影像叙事的方式非常自由。但有了声音之后,电影回归戏剧,。连编剧都延搅舞台编剧人才,重心完全在戏剧性上。这种情势下,你可以说,我要坚持属于我的叙事方式,这方式在古早的《诗经》里,在明志不在故事,但这要让现代人理解很难,因为他们已受西方戏剧影响太多。现在是这种趋势,没办法改变。不过,假使你理解这个form,还是能在这里找到空间,去调节戏剧传统与抒情言志的比例,这空间基本上就是东西融合了。

用最简单的方法, 讲最多的东西

贾:我觉得电影这个材料也不断受到新发明影响,比如说DVD,电子游戏、卫星电视。像我看台湾的电视,觉得丰富多彩,有各种案件、政治人物的冲突,整个社会已经那样戏剧化了,你怎么做电影呢?好像没必要看电影了。但我看一些导演也能找到方法把自已的意识结合到类型电影里,把自已的东西用类型来包装。毕竟类型元素有很多是很受欢迎的。

候:真正好的类型还是从真实出发的,最终要回到真实。

贾:我记得上次在北京,您谈到一个东西我印象很深刻,就是“用最简单的方法,讲最多的东西”。我自已的理解,所谓最简单的方法,就是去掉跟普通大众之间不必要的鸿沟。

候:对,就是直接面对。叙事的焦点啪嚓一下抓到,变成一种节奏感,反映你对事物观察的吸收跟反思。不过,我感觉“简单而深邃”很困难。简单,所以人人看得懂,但同时又意义深远,这不容易。

贾:简单就是形式上的直接吧。比如我们看一九四零年代末意大利新写实主义导演的作品,它们跟公众的关系就很密切,公众都很喜欢看,像《单车窃贼》这样一部影片,就证明公众接受的东西跟深邃内涵是不矛盾的。费里尼的《道路》也有容易被普通大众接受的部分。但总体来说,我们对电影主题和形式的考量,是有太多迷雾在里面。必须重新找到一个直接、简单的方法。

还原最初的简单心态

贾:您怎么看台湾新导演的作品?

候:他们从小看很多电影,所以一拍电影就迷失在电影里,变成拍“电影中的电影”,确切的生活和感受反而知道得不是太多,不清楚自已的位置。其实也不全是位置的问题,就是不够强悍,随时会在形式、内容上受到影像传统影响。要是够强悍,相信什么就该拍什么。

贾:这是一个普遍的问题。我开始工作的时候差不多是第五代导演开始转型的时候,在中国有很多纷纷扰扰的争论。那时在大陆,电影的文化价值被贬得一无是处,基本上就在强调工业的重要性,特别是投资多少、产出多少。我觉得悲哀,因为一部电影放映以后,人们不谈那电影本身要传达的东西,都围绕着谈跟产业有关的问题。所以我觉得做导演“有主体”很重要,要有一个强大的自已,不被其他东西影响。电影最初就是杂耍,杂耍就要有游戏感,从事这工作得为快感,不为太多背后的东西,还原最初的简单心态。这说起来简单,做起来难,像您刚说的,我也从《小武》到《三峡好人》才又重新找回这种感觉。

This entry was posted on 星期六, 01月 2nd, 2010 at 10:35 下午 and is filed under 转帖. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.

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